What is a Semen Analysis Test?

What is a Semen analysis and when is it done?

Male fertility plays just an important role as female fertility in successful conception.

Teamwork, much?

Similar to hormonal tests for women, semen analysis is a cornerstone test used to evaluate a man's sperm health.

This comprehensive analysis goes beyond just a sperm count, providing valuable insights into various aspects of sperm that influence their ability to fertilise an egg.

In this blog, we'll delve into what semen analysis is, what it involves, and when it is typically recommended.

So, grab that cup of coffee, and read on!

What is Semen Analysis?

Semen analysis, also known as a sperm count test, is a laboratory procedure that assesses various aspects of a man's semen and sperm. This test provides detailed information about the quantity and quality of sperm, which are critical factors in determining male fertility.

Why is Semen Analysis Important?

Semen analysis plays a vital role in diagnosing potential male fertility issues and guiding treatment options. Semen analysis helps in:

1. Diagnosing Male Infertility: By analysing various sperm parameters, semen analysis can help identify problems like low sperm count, poor motility, or abnormal morphology that might be hindering conception.

2. Evaluating Vasectomy Success: After undergoing a vasectomy, a semen analysis is a crucial tool to confirm the procedure's effectiveness in preventing sperm from being present in the ejaculate.

3. Assessing Reproductive Health: Regular semen analysis can be beneficial for men with underlying medical conditions like diabetes, cancer, or testicular issues, as it helps monitor sperm health over time and identify potential changes.

4. Understanding Repeated Miscarriages: In cases of recurrent miscarriages, semen analysis along with tests such as sperm DNA fragmentation, can be performed to determine if male factor infertility might be contributing to pregnancy loss.

5. Planning Fertility Treatments: When considering assisted reproductive techniques like IVF (in vitro fertilisation), semen analysis is crucial for assessing sperm quality and planning the most effective treatment approach.

What Does Semen Analysis Measure?

The World Health Organisation has a semen analysis guide, on which majority of the semen analysis tests today are evaluated. Some key parameters that are measured include:

• Semen Volume: This measures the amount of semen produced in a single ejaculation. A normal volume typically falls between 1.5 to 5 milliliters.

• Sperm Count: This assesses the number of sperm present per milliliter of semen. A healthy sperm count is usually considered to be over 15 million sperm per milliliter.

• Sperm Motility: This evaluates the percentage of sperm that are moving and their ability to swim effectively. At least 40% of sperm should exhibit progressive motility for normal fertility.

• Sperm Morphology: This examines the shape and structure of sperm. A certain percentage of sperm should have a normal, healthy morphology to increase the chances of fertilizing an egg.

• pH Level: This measures the acidity or alkalinity of the semen. A normal semen pH typically ranges from 7.2 to 8.0.

• Liquefaction Time: This assesses the time it takes for semen to liquefy after ejaculation. Normally, semen liquefies within 20 minutes. In the laboratory, semen samples within containers are often kept on heated temperature blocks of 37 degree celsius, to check the time for liquefaction.

• White Blood Cells: This detects the presence of white blood cells, which can indicate an infection or inflammation in the reproductive tract.

When is Semen Analysis Done?

Semen analysis is typically recommended in several situations:

• Couples facing difficulty conceiving: If a couple has been trying to conceive for a year without success, doctors often recommend semen analysis as part of a comprehensive fertility evaluation.

• Following multiple miscarriages: In cases of repeated miscarriages, semen analysis can be helpful in investigating potential male factor contributions.

• Post-vasectomy verification: To confirm a successful vasectomy and ensure no sperm are present in the ejaculate.

• Prior to fertility treatments: Before undergoing IVF, ICSI, or other assisted reproductive techniques, semen analysis helps determine sperm viability and guide treatment strategies.

• Monitoring reproductive health: Men with pre-existing medical conditions such as diabetes, cancer, or testicular issues that could impact fertility may benefit from regular semen analysis.

How is Semen Analysis Performed?

The procedure for semen analysis is straightforward but involves several steps:

1. Sample Collection: The semen sample is usually collected through masturbation into a sterile container. This can be done at home or in a medical facility.

2. Abstinence Period: Men are typically advised to abstain from ejaculation for 2-5 days before providing a sample to ensure optimal sperm quality.

3. Laboratory Analysis: The sample is then analysed in a laboratory using various techniques to evaluate the parameters mentioned earlier.

Preparing for Semen Analysis

To ensure accurate results, men should follow these guidelines:

1. Abstain from Ejaculation: Avoid ejaculation or intercourse for 2-5 days before the test to ensure the sample is concentrated.

2. Avoid Alcohol and Drugs: Refrain from consuming alcohol, tobacco, and recreational drugs, as these can affect sperm quality.

3. Inform About Medications: Inform your doctor about any medications you are taking, as some drugs can influence sperm production and quality.

4. Stay Healthy: Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet and regular exercise, to support overall reproductive health.

Interpreting Semen Analysis Results

Results from semen analysis can vary, and it's important to discuss them with a healthcare provider to understand their implications. Some common findings include:

1. Normal Results: Indicate healthy sperm parameters and no immediate cause for concern.

2. Low Sperm Count: May suggest issues with sperm production or other underlying conditions.

3. Poor Sperm Motility or Morphology: Could indicate problems with sperm movement or structure, affecting the ability to fertilise an egg.

4. High White Blood Cell Count: Suggests possible infection or inflammation that may require further investigation.

A holistic approach to fertility, with Arva

While semen analysis helps understand male fertility and semen parameters, it's important to remember that conception is a two-way street.

At Arva, we understand that a healthy pregnancy requires a holistic approach to reproductive health.

Here's how looking beyond just semen analysis can benefit couples:

• Gynecological Consultation: A comprehensive evaluation by a gynecologist for your partner can identify potential female fertility issues that might be contributing to difficulties in conceiving. This may include assessing ovulation regularity, hormone levels, and any underlying medical conditions affecting the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries.

• Combined Fertility Evaluation: By evaluating both partners' reproductive health, doctors can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the couple's fertility challenges and develop a personalised treatment plan that addresses both male and female factors.

That’s why we at Arva, offer our fertility tests and a network of gynaecologists pan India as a combined approach to ensures a complete picture of both partners' fertility health, helping your journey of conception.

We’re here to support you, every step of the way💪🏻